N3

〜と・〜たらの違い

This page compares 〜と and 〜たら, two common Japanese conditionals that learners often translate as if or when.

Pattern
AとB / AたらB
Reading time
1 min
Author
-

Examples

このボタンを押すと、音が出ます。
When you press this button, a sound comes out.
準備ができたら、教えてください。
When you are ready, please tell me.
春になると、花が咲きます。
When spring comes, flowers bloom.
週末になったら、旅行します。
When the weekend comes, I will travel.

Meaning

Both 〜と and 〜たら can express if or when, but they do not focus on the same thing. 〜と is used when B happens naturally or automatically after A. 〜たら is used when A is completed and then B happens, is planned, or is requested.

Formation

For 〜と, use a plain non-past form before と, such as 押すと. For 〜たら, use the past plain form plus ら, such as 押したら.

Usage

Use 〜と for machines, directions, general truths, habits, and automatic results. Use 〜たら for one-time future events, requests, plans, choices, and discoveries.

Nuance

〜と sounds objective and predictable. 〜たら sounds more flexible and conversational. When you want to tell someone what to do after something happens, 〜たら is usually safer and more natural.

Comparison

このボタンを押すと、音が出ます explains an automatic result. 準備ができたら、教えてください gives a request after a condition is met. Replacing the second sentence with 〜と would sound unnatural because the second clause is a request.

Common Mistakes

A common mistake is choosing 〜と only because English uses when. Japanese cares about the relationship between the two clauses: automatic result favors 〜と, while completed condition plus request or plan favors 〜たら.

Related Grammar

〜と vs 〜たら: Japanese Conditional Difference | JLPT N3 | LavaJapanese