Grammar comparisons and input practice
Compare Japanese patterns in context, then type a precisely requested answer.
Ageru, Kureru, and Morau Practice: Track the Giver and Receiver
Follow the direction of a gift and the speaker’s viewpoint. These beginner scenes make the relationship explicit instead of treating the three verbs as interchangeable translations.
Te Kudasai vs Te Mo Ii Desu Ka: Requests and Permission Practice
Decide who will perform the action. A request asks another person to act; a permission question asks whether an action is allowed.
Toki vs Mae Ni Practice: When Something Happens and Before It Happens
Connect an action to its timing. Compare “before leaving” with “when I was a student,” and practise the noun and verb connections separately.
Potential Form vs Koto Ga Dekiru: Express Ability with Two Patterns
Compare 読めます with 読むことができます. Both can express ability, but they require different verb forms before their endings.
To vs Ya Practice: Complete Lists, Examples, and Companions
Use と to join the items you are explicitly listing and や to present examples from a larger set. Keep the companion use of と separate from list structure.
Ta Form vs Te Form: Change the Ending Without Losing the Sound Pattern
The ta form and te form share sound-change patterns, but they do different jobs. Practise switching between them and choosing a form for a specific construction.
Te Iru Practice: Ongoing Actions, Habits, and Resulting States
Use the verb and context to interpret ている. It can describe an action in progress, a repeated activity, or a state left by an earlier change.
Kara vs Node Practice: Give a Reason and Build the Connection
Both から and ので can introduce a reason. Practise the forms they follow, and avoid treating one as always polite and the other as always rude.
Dake vs Shika Practice: Only, Negatives, and Sentence Endings
Express a limit with だけ or しか. Pay attention to the negative predicate required by the ordinary limiting use of しか.
Kore vs Kono Practice: Point to a Thing or Describe a Noun
Choose a demonstrative that fits the sentence structure. これ can stand alone as a noun phrase; この must modify a following noun.
I vs Na Adjective Practice: Describe Nouns Without Guessing from Spelling
Practise how adjectives connect to nouns. Some words ending in the sound i, including きれい, still belong to the な-adjective pattern.
Japanese Adjective Past and Negative Forms: Six Input Exercises
Keep adjective class and time separate. This drill changes 高い, 寒い, いい, and 静か into precisely specified past or negative forms.
Masu Form vs Dictionary Form: Polite-to-Plain Verb Practice
Change the verb form without changing the action. Distinguish a dictionary form from a plain past or negative form, which are also plain but are not dictionary forms.
Japanese Nai Form Input Practice: Verb Groups and Exceptions
Produce six plain negative verbs. Pay special attention to verbs ending in う and to the difference between a dictionary form ending in る and an 一段 verb.
Japanese Te Form Input Drill: Six Conjugations You Need to Recall
Practise producing the te form from a dictionary form. The focus here is spelling and sound changes; the linked grammar lesson explains how to use the resulting form.
Wa vs Ga Practice: Topics, New Information, and Contrast
Choose は or が by following the conversation. These six questions specify a context so that you do not have to guess what the speaker considers familiar.
Ni vs De Location Practice: Where Things Are and Where Actions Happen
Use に for the location of existence and で for the place an action happens. Practise the distinction with the same room, shop, and library vocabulary.
Ni vs E Practice: Destinations, Direction, and Arrival
Both に and へ can mark a destination with 行く. Learn where that overlap ends, and avoid treating one as wrong just because the other is also possible.
Arimasu vs Imasu Practice: People, Animals, and Objects
Decide whether a simple existence sentence needs あります or います, then practise the negative and past forms without changing the location particle.
Desu vs Da Practice: Noun Sentences in Plain and Polite Style
Change noun predicates between plain and polite forms while preserving tense and meaning. Keep this pattern separate from the endings of verbs and い-adjectives.